内蒙古自治区的沙漠及沙漠化土地

文章叙述了采取系统抽样的方法,通过现地调查和遥感解译相结合,获取样地信息,利用数理统计的原理计算出各类沙漠化土地面积,利用卫星遥感技术、卫星定位技术和地理信息系统相结合,确定内蒙古沙漠和沙漠化土地的分布。监测表明,截至1999年内蒙古沙漠和沙漠化土地面积为42.08×104km2,占内蒙古自治区总面积118.3×104km2的35.6%。与1994年全国沙漠化土地监测结果对比,5a来全区沙漠化土地面积增加了15629km2,年均增加3126km2。内蒙古沙漠和沙漠化土地面积居全国第二位,而沙漠化土地扩展速度和可治理沙漠化土地面积居全国第一位。     

Long-term growth analyses of Japanese cedar trees in a plantation: neighborhood competition and persistence of initial growth deviations

The individual growth of tree diameter at breast height (dbh) is analyzed in an even-aged plantation of Cryptomeria japonica from stand age of 45 to 94 years, to examine how the growth of individual trees has been affected by the changes in spacing resulting from thinning operations. At any age, a significant proportion (0.37–0.46) of the variation in dbh growth during a 5–11-year period was explained by dbh at the beginning of the period, probably due to greater leaf mass of larger trees. Next, either one-sided or two-sided competition was added to the model, by calculating the basal area (BA) of neighboring trees around each tree within a given radius or BA for trees having larger dbh than the focal tree within the radius. After preliminary analyses, a radius of 8 m was selected as the critical range for tree competition. Although both types of competition explained a significant proportion (0.09–0.43) of growth variation, one-sided competition was not significant at ages greater than 54 years. Based on the model at 45 years of age, the initial deviation of growth rate for each tree from the predicted rate was calculated and added to the models as a third variable. This raised the coefficient of determination up to 0.50–0.74. These findings have practical significance for forest plantation management, particularly for controlling the growth of standing trees via thinning, to produce high-quality timber in the future.     

营造林工程中推行监理制势在必行

在营造林工程中实行监理制，对于提高工程建设质量，确保工期和投资效益，完善林业管理机制，规范工程建设行为等具有重要意义。根据林业工程建设特点，提出了在营造林工程中推行监理制约具体措施和建议。     

新时期加强森林资源与生态状况监测的对策措施

在深入分析华东监测区森林资源与生态状况监测体系发展状况和面临问题的基础上,提出了新时期加强森林资源与生态状况监测组织机构建设、经费投入、技术体系、信息共享等方面的对策措施。     

树木引种驯化的生态限制条件探索

在昆明树木园的树木引种驯化工作中 ,探讨了引种树木的生存、生长、发育受引种地常年性和偶发性生态条件影响的程度以及引种树种对新环境条件的适应能力。一定的生态环境 ,对一些树种是适生条件 ,对另一些树种则是生存、生长发育的限制条件。这决定于树木的遗传变异性。由于各树种的遗传变异性不同 ,因而在受引种地生态条件影响的程度上存在种间差异 ,相同树种个体间也存在一定的遗传差异 ,种内在受引种地生态条件影响的程度上也存在着个体差异。引种树木对引种地的新环境的适应能力可分为相似生态适应能力、潜在适应能力和可塑性适应能力。这种适应能力也存在种间和种内个体差异 ;适应能力的大小是该引种树木在新环境中能否存活以致正常生长发育的关键。研究引种地常年性和偶发性生态条件对引种树木的影响和引种树木的适应能力 ,可以开扩树木引种驯化视野 ,使树木的引种驯化工作取得显著成效     

运用航空描图技术对森林病虫害进行监测

本文介绍了航空描图技术在监测森林病虫害上的应用，具体阐明了飞行作业计划、飞行前准备、空中描图技术以及ＧＩＳ数据处理     

Surveying farmers' agroforestry plots: experiences in evaluating alley-cropping and tree border technologies in Western Kenya

Evaluation of existing on-farm agroforestry plots should provide useful supplementary information for the design of improved agroforestry systems, in both research and development projects. Such evaluation has been little used, however, largely due to the methodological difficulties of surveying highly variable on-farm plots, and difficulties in identifying key variables for measurement. This paper describes a set of methods and tools used in evaluating plots of alley-cropping and tree borders around crop fields established by farmers working with the CARE Agroforestry Extension Project in western Kenya. Details of survey design, sampling, and implementation are discussed, and suggestions made for carrying out agroforestry surveys in other projects. A condensed version of the questionnaire is appended.     

Comparison of image and rapid field assessments of riparian zone condition in Australian tropical savannas

Suitable methods for measuring and monitoring the condition of riparian environments are being investigated by government agencies responsible for maintaining these environments in Australia. The objective of this work was to compare two riparian condition assessment approaches, the Tropical Rapid Appraisal of Riparian Condition (TRARC) method developed for rapid on-ground assessment of the environmental condition of savanna riparian zones and an image based riparian condition monitoring scheme. Measurements derived from these two approaches were compared and correlated. The sample representativeness of the TRARC method was evaluated and the cost-effectiveness and suitability for multi-temporal analysis of the two approaches were assessed. Two high spatial resolution multi-spectral QuickBird satellite images captured in 2004 and 2005 and coincident field data covering sections of the Daly River in the Northern Territory, Australia were used in this work. Both field and image data were processed to map indicators of riparian zone condition including percentage canopy cover, organic litter on the ground, canopy continuity, tree clearing, bank stability, and flood damage. Spectral vegetation indices, image segmentation, and supervised classification were used to produce riparian health indicator maps. QuickBird image data were used to examine if the spatial distribution of TRARC transects provided a representative sample of ground based estimates of riparian health indicators. Covering approximately 3% of the study area, the sample mean of the TRARC estimates of individual indicators of riparian zone condition were in most cases within 20% of the global mean derived from the whole imaged riparian area. The cost-effectiveness of the image based approach was compared to that of the ground based TRARC method. Results showed that the TRARC method was more cost-effective at spatial scales from 1 km to 200 km of river in relatively homogeneous riparian zones along rivers with only one channel, while image based assessment becomes more feasible at regional scales (200–2000 km of river). A change detection analysis demonstrated that image data can provide detailed information on gradual change, while the TRARC method is less suited for multi-temporal analysis due to the ranked data format, which inhibits precise detection of change. However, results from both methods were considered to complement each other for single date assessment of riparian zones if used at appropriate spatial scales.     

探索低成本连续生产中、高密度纤维薄板和异型板的方式

连续生产中、高密度薄板的方式是采用连续双钢带冷热压机,而国内人造板设备制造行业尚无制造连续双钢带冷热压机的能力。本文依据木纤维薄板矫直原理,提出采用简易连续热辊压压机加矫直机的方案,探索低成本连续生产中、高密度纤维薄板和异型板的方式,以解决实际生产问题。     

国家森林资源连续清查的新进展——关于国家森林资源连续清查技术规定的修订

介绍了对1994年颁布实施的《国家森林资源连续清查主要技术规定》进行修订的背景、指导思想和原则,并对有关修订内容进行了详细说明。